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| Aquatic products with high quality in China |
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Consumption of aquatic products will take a important status in Chinese residents' structure
4.3.1. Relation between residents' nutrition level and consumption of aquatic products
Along with the ceaseless rise up of people's living level, people ask for improving the food structure and enhancing the nutrition level, and the low fat, high protein food is aquatic product anticipated more and more. One character of the change of Chinese food structure is to increase the consumption of fish and other aquatic products. Aquatic products' protein, as animal protein, is an excellent one, and can be absorbed easily by human. Aquatic products contain mineral, carbohydrate, vitamin and some other nutrition ingredients, so it made a great contribution to people's health.
By prospect, in 2000, main nutrition daily supply per person of all China will close to the average of moderately developed country, whose need the quantity of heat is 2600 calorie, fat 80 gram, protein 80 gram, among which the proportion of excellent protein is about one thirds. (Material resource: Chinese agriculture department, progress report of Chinese agriculture, 1996), and this level is equal to the time when Japan and other countries and areas complete the industrialization, beyond present average nutrition level of world. This evaluation means that the consumption of aquatic products in china will take a farther increment.
4.3.2. Development tendency of consumption structure of China
There are some common phenomena and general rules during the procession of industrialization of each nation, and the improvement of construction of consumption is not out of the exception. The start situation of industrialization in China has lots of likeness with Japanese and Asia "four little dragon", and whose experiences will provide with great reference on analysis of future Chinese consumption structure.
Industrialization has been completed in Japan in 1970, Korea in 1985, and Taiwan in 1985, by using the era characteristic of Japan and four little tigers for reference and integrating Chinese situation, we can deduce the future consumption structure of Chinese residents (shown as table 16,17). We can find aqua-product is important in the consumption structure.
Table 16 Forecast of consumption structure of Chinese residents in 2010 Food
Clothing
Family instrument
Health & care
Transportation
Education,
culture,
amusement
Residence
Others
Total
40%
12.3%
11%
3%
7%
14%
8%
4.7%
100%
Data resource:District and development page 124~126.
Table 17 Compose of foodstuff consumption of Chinese residents in 2010 (unit: kg/year* person ) Grain
Meat
Eggs
Vegetable oil
Aquatic products
194kg
35 kg
15 kg
10 kg
20kg
Data resource: District and Development page 124~126.
4.3.3 Consumption in China will transfer to aquatic products with good quality and high price
Relate food consumption and Taiwan economic development, three periods will be divided (according to Change analysis on demand and consumption structure of agriculture product in Chinese Taiwan, Agriculture Development Forum):
(1) Substitute period of staple food (1964-1974), with US$189-853 of national income per aquatic product in China and 28.20-34.25Kg per aquatic product in China of aquatic products consumption. Growth rate reach 2.23%.
(2) Substitute period of staple and non-staple food (1975-1984), with US$890-2890 of national income per aquatic product in China and 35.56-39.09Kg per aquatic product in China of aquatic products consumption. Growth rate reach 0.41%; Slower the increasing amount of aquatic product consumption, improve the quality of aquatic product consumption.
(3) Period of nearing saturation (1985-1990), with US$2992-7332 of national income per cap. The consumption of aquatic product reaches 38.41-47.43Kg per cap and the growth ratio reaches 5.43% in China..
Due to the similar consumption habit between Taiwan and Mainland, track of Taiwanese aquatic product consumption can reflect the basic tendency of mainland. That is to say, with the improving of Chinese resident income level, aquatic consumption will transfer to fish with good quality and high price, meantime, seafood consumption will improve too.
4.4. Import and export trade of Chinese aquatic product moves forward
4.4.1 Analysis on export
(1) Development of Chinese fisheries production has considerably promoted development of import and export trade in aquatic product.
(2) Cooperation in fisheries economic technology between China and other countries widen increasingly. It improves the competitive power of Chinese export aquatic product in international marker.
(3) Fisheries in Japan and Korea and other developed countries have declined, however, the demand for aquatic product tends to increase in Japan, Korea, EU and US. It can be rewarded to export of Chinese aquatic product.
(4) Employment problem in Chinese fisheries will be benefited from them, for export can increase employment.
4.4.2 Analysis on import
(1) There is big increase in income and living level of urban and rural residents, which has increased the total demand of aquatic product, especially for food full of protein.
(2) China has great potential demand of aquatic product because of great population.
(3) Domestic output of yellow croaker, hairtail fish, silvery pomfret maintains decreased. To meet the consumption demand, China will continue importing traditional aquatic product. At the same time, aquatic product infrequent or void in China will be imported. Using import to reinforce domestic market and enrich food consumption market of urban and rural areas in China.
(4) The import of aqua-product will relieve the need of food. According to some research, how to supply enough food will be the most important problem of Chinese development, for the population of China will reach 1.6 billion in the middle of 21 century. So the production of rice and meat become very important and the aqua-product is one of resource of animal protein. The import of aqua-product will do more in supplying food and increasing the people's health.
All the analysis reveals that the import and export trade will tend to be increased.
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5. Effect on Chinese fisheries and trade by entrance of WTO
5.1 Entrance to WTO will bring brand-new developing opportunity to Chinese fisheries
Bilateral pact about Chinese entrance to WTO subscribed by China and US in November, 1999 have flattened the road. The core of WTO's rule is decreasing trade limitation, widening market entrance to achieve free trade throughout the globe. Both opportunities and challenges are confronted for Chinas fisheries while facing WTO. However, opportunities are more than challenges in a long-term.
5.1.1 It will be benefited to achieve diversifying of export market. After entering WTO, China will be treated as most-favored-nation who can enjoy unlimited multilateral trade, which will promote foreign trade of aqua-product.
5.1.2 It will be benefited to adjust the structure of domestic fisheries and aqua-product's import and export. Import product of intensive resource and export product of intensive labor. Contrasting to the cost in developed countries, Chinese aqua-product has relative advantage.
5.1.3. It will be benefited to transfer operating mechanism and promote the change of growth mode of Chinese fisheries. After entering WTO, fisheries companies' competitive power will be strengthened by improving the linking between domestic production and international market and introducing into external competitive mechanism widely.
5.1.4. It will be benefited to widen opening to external. After entering WTO, according to international rules, we can quicken the law construction in fisheries industry and optimize the investing environment. It also benefits attracting foreign capital and striving for favorable loan.
5.1.5. Customs will be reduced after entering WTO, we can import some aquatic product with low price or lacking of relative advantage, It will be used to relieve the lack of supply caused by the wither of domestic fisheries resource. It can enrich the variety and improve market supply of fisheries.
5.1.6. We can enjoy the benefit of international division of labor adequately to promote the efficiency and rationalization of domestic structure of fisheries industry. At the same time we need adjust the structure of fisheries trade effectively, suitable to the adjusting of fisheries industry structure.
5.2 Adverse factors and austere challenges for Chinese fisheries if entering WTO
After entering WTO, China will join the progress of economic globalization, it can make Chinese domestic market become international market authentically. Economic globalization is the tendency of modern economic development, it will impact the economy of each country, especially for developing countries. It also can bring challenges to Chinese fisheries while we enjoy the treatment of fair trade and the benefit of trade freedom.
5.2.1. After entering WTO, with the decrease of Customs and non-tariff barrier, the competitive advantage of Chinese aqua-product will be influenced. Aqua-product from fisheries-developed countries will swarm into Chinese market largely and impact domestic aqua-product market.
5.2.2. After entering WTO, we will widen the entering limitation of international Capital market, open trade operating right, and abandon some rights like agriculture product export allowance, Chinese fisheries companies may be at a disadvantage when they competed with foreign companies.
5.2.3. After entering WTO, with the entrance of fisheries companies who obtain international high-tech, it will strengthen to impact domestic companies, especially to domestic aqua-product processing companies.
5.3 Countermeasure analysis to WTO
5.3.1. With the development of economic globalization, enterprise should bring active tactic into effect in many region, bring the more international and domestic resource of aquatic product in management, enlarge the space of subsistence and development, make full use of international and domestic aquatic product, establish and expand inside-outside-fishery.
5.3.2. The structure of aquatic product should be adjusted the new and better aquatic product should be greatly developed.
5.3.3. Quicken the creation of system, according to modern enterprise system, the circulation should be founded
5.3.4. Strengthen the build of aquatic produce and process base connect the familial manufacture. With immense enterprise, take aquatic product art in world market, bring industrial management into effect
5.3.5. According to the international market needs and development, aquatic nutritional product Should be developed. And process product enlarge the share of process aquatic product
5.3.6. Pay attention to net and make the best of it, and establish the imports and exports info system of aquatic-products. Through the net, adjust industrial direction, research and seize the development of international aquatic market, understand its needs, exploit international market. Though E—business or EDI, the net sell shell do good to the development of aquatic product.
5.3.7. Actively pushed HACCP system, for boosting the quality of aquatic, correlative foreign traded enterprise should put some statute in practice to standard the product、process、management of aquatic.
5.3.8. Some WTO's item about protection should be exploit and grasped to protect Chinese fishery and the market of aquatic by the use of anti-dumping、anti-unjustness item. Faced to WTO, fishery economic must change its increases mode, prevent crude, resource-wasted and environment-polluted increases. High efficient fishery earn foreign exchange fishery should be established ,accelerate the modernization of fishery ,enhance the fishery's economic efficiency. The imports and exports of aquatic should be developed by rebuilding the traditional industrial with the high-tech ;manufacturing high quality green products ; Maintaining the brand of aquatic. Faced to WTO, the every level government should build up some statutes to connect with international. The problem of Chinese uniform market must be solved by preventing them. Based on the great achievement of aquatic market, relative department should build up ‘market law' to rule the domestic and international management. With the efficiency of product and management, we can confront WTO's challenge.
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